Grammar schools are state-funded secondary schools that select pupils according to academic ability, usually through an entrance test taken around the end of primary school. The test commonly assesses skills such as English, mathematics, verbal reasoning or non-verbal reasoning, although the format and admissions arrangements vary. Some grammar schools admit pupils at age 11, while others also have sixth forms or make further admissions at later stages. Places are allocated under published criteria, which may include test results and other factors. Pupils typically follow a broad academic curriculum, leading to GCSEs and, where a sixth form is provided, A-levels or other post-16 qualifications. Schools also offer pastoral support, careers guidance and activities such as sport, music, drama and clubs. As state schools, they do not charge tuition fees, though families may face costs for items such as uniform, equipment, trips or optional activities.