Businesses in lead, zinc and tin production extract or recover these non-ferrous metals and process them into forms used by manufacturers and other industries. Production may involve treating mined ores, refining metal-bearing materials or recycling scrap and industrial residues. Processes vary by metal and feedstock, but can include crushing, concentration, smelting, chemical treatment, purification and casting. Products may include refined metal ingots, blocks, sheets, strip, wire, powder and alloys, as well as intermediate materials for further processing. Lead is used in applications such as batteries and radiation shielding; zinc is commonly used to protect steel from corrosion and in alloys; tin is used in coatings, solder and alloys. Some producers specialise in primary metal made from ore, while others focus on secondary production from recovered materials. These businesses may also supply by-products or provide toll processing and refining services for industrial customers.