Businesses in the manufacture of basic non-ferrous metals extract, smelt, refine and process metals that contain little or no iron. These include aluminium, copper, lead, zinc, tin and nickel, as well as some precious metals and specialist alloys. Production may start with mined ores and concentrates or use recycled scrap and metal-bearing materials. Processes can include melting, electrolysis, refining, alloying and casting. The resulting metals are commonly supplied in basic forms such as ingots, billets, slabs, blocks, rods or granules for use by other manufacturers. Depending on the operation, businesses may also produce powders or semi-finished metal stock. Their customers typically include companies making electrical conductors, pipes, construction products, vehicles, machinery, packaging and metal components. This category concerns primary metal production and basic forms, rather than the manufacture of finished goods or the fabrication of metal products.