Prisons are secure establishments where people are held in custody by the state, either while awaiting trial or after being sentenced by a court. In the UK, they are run by public authorities or, in some cases, by contracted operators. Their regimes and security levels vary according to factors such as sentence, legal status, risk and individual needs. Some establishments hold adult men or women, while others specialise in young people or particular groups. Prison services include secure accommodation, supervision, meals, healthcare access and arrangements for visits and communication with family or legal representatives. Many establishments also provide education, vocational training, work, substance misuse support and other programmes intended to help with rehabilitation and resettlement. The HM Inspectorate of Prisons independently inspects prisons in England and Wales; Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own inspection arrangements.