Research centres are organisations or dedicated units that carry out structured investigations to develop knowledge, test ideas and address practical questions. Their work may cover areas such as science, engineering, health, technology, social policy, the environment or business. Some focus on fundamental research, while others study specific problems or develop and evaluate methods, products and processes. They may be based within universities, public bodies or commercial organisations, or operate independently. Depending on their specialism, centres may undertake commissioned research, trials, surveys, laboratory analysis, data modelling or policy evaluation. Customers and partners can include businesses, public authorities, charities, academic institutions and other researchers. Typical outputs include research reports, datasets, technical advice, prototypes and published findings.